Getting Started on sunserv.kfki.hu

(Gépújság 95. február - I. évf. 1. szám)

Contents

  • User account
  • Password
  • Disk quota
  • Parameters at creating an account
  • Logging in and logging out
  • Man pages and Unix-course
  • Other informations
  • Getting help
  • Sample softwares and executables

    BACKVissza a GÉPÚJSÁG I. évf. 1. szám tartalomjegyzékéhez

    In the examples below the command you have to type follows the prompt sign $.

    I. User Account

    User account can be obtained by sending a mail to these colleagues or by calling them: 

      Király Péterné	14-87	kiraly@sunserv.kfki.hu
  Kőrösi Magdolna	18-09	korosi@sunserv.kfki.hu
  Szalay Katalin	18-09	szalay@sunserv.kfki.hu

    We need the following information to create an account:

  • Name:
  • Institute:
  • Phone number:
  • Username (max 8 character):
  • Default shell (Z, Enhanced C, Bash):
  • Initial password:
  • Desired disk space (default: 10000 block = 5MB):
  • Max number of files (default: 1000):

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    II. Password

    You should change the initial password at the first login by the command passwd.

    $ passwd

    The passwords "age" and after every 90 days you have to change your password by this command. The system warns you 10 days before the expiration date of the password.

    If you forgot your password then the colleagues mentioned above can help you to give a new one.

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    III. Disk quota

    The disk space you have used up, your disk quota, etc. can be listed out by the command quota:

    $ quota -v

    which responds in the form

    filesystem usage quota limit timeleft files quota limit timeleft

    The entries are as follows: 

      

  •  filesystem 	the used filesystem

  •  usage		the quota already used up

  •  quota		your quota (can be exceeded)

  •  limit		the upper limit (cannot be exceeded)

  •  timeleft	if you exceed the soft limit, after so many times 
			it will turn into hard limit

  •  files		the number of existing files

    • Please do not forget that a program you run may try to use or reserve disk space even if it is not permitted because you have completely used up your disk quota. In such cases the program will simply fail -- check your disk quota regularly and delete the files not needed any more!!!

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    IV. Parameters at creating an account

    When creating an account we set up several user-parameters. The most important ones are

  • default directory
  • primary group
  • initialization files

    Default directory

    Together with the user account we create the default (home) directory of the user, too, which is under the directory representing the user's organization unit. The environment variable HOME contains the name of the default directory of the user, which can be printed out to the screen by typing

    $ echo \$HOME

    Primary group

    Every user is a member of at least one group. The primary group of the user is the group representing the organization unit of the user. The groups have importance at the file and directory access.

    Initialization files

    The initialization files contain the settings needed to use the system (path, terminal settings, etc.). When a user logs in to the system, the common system initialization files will be executed first then the user's own initialization file(s). The initialization files started by the system depend on the default shell of the user: 

    
      Shell		  System init file(s)		  User init file(s)

    
    Z		/etc/zprofile		$HOME/.zprofile
     		/etc/zshenv		$HOME/.zshrc
       		/etc/local/env.sh
       		/etc/local/login.sh
        	/etc/zshrc

    Enhanced C	/etc/csh.login		$HOME/.login
              	/etc/csh.cshrc		$HOME/.cshrc
		/etc/local/env.csh
		/etc/local/login.csh
		/etc/tcshrc

    Bash	/etc/profile		$HOME/.profile
		/etc/zshenv		$HOME/.bashrc
		/etc/local/env.sh
		/etc/local/login.sh
		/etc/bashrc

    The system initialization files contain all the settings needed to run the softwares installed on our computer and we maintain them when installing new softwares or changing the system. The environment variables can be listed out by the command

    $ env

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    Together with the user's default directory, we also create (sample) user initialization files in the home directory. Modify them to taste but be careful -- you can easily create an environment in which you cannot run some commands!

    V. Logging in and logging out

    Our computer can be reached from the computers on the Internet network in the Institute by the command

    $ telnet sunserv

    or the appropriate command according to the operating system (e.g. tn sunserv).

    After answering with the appropriate username and password the login procedure lists out the files executed automatically and a list of the local news entered into the system since the last logging in (or No News if there is none). The local news can be read by the command newsn

    $ newsn

    You can read any news anytime by the command newsnn

    $ newsnn

    (The local news is not equivalent to the NetNews (or Usenet) network service.)

    Log out simply by the command exit

    $ exit

    The users can freely use the public X terminals in room 16 of building XIV.

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    VI. Man pages and Unix-course

    The description of the commands can be read using the on-line manual pages. For example about the command man or about the Fortran compiler f77 you can get all the information by typeing

    $ man man
    $ man f77

    Do not forget the case-sensitivity: ls, Ls, lS or LS are different in UNIX.

    The list of all the installed softwares, the hardware configuration or this file can be read anytime by the command newsnn (Software.Map, Hardware.Map, Getting.Started).

    Starting gopher

    $ gopher

    under the menu called Computer Services, a Unix-course can be found for beginners in Hungarian.

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    VII. Other informations

    The Sunserv.FAQ from the local news contains also important informations, hints on how to use the system, and there is a chapter on SECURITY.

    Please read the chapter on security carefully, and follow the guidelines written there! The most important condition of having an account on sunserv is that you keep the security rules!

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    VIII. Getting help

    If you have suggestions or are in trouble, need help, contact one of the following colleagues: 

      Kadlecsik József	11-84	kadlec@sunserv.kfki.hu
  Király Péterné	14-87	kiraly@sunserv.kfki.hu
  Kőrösi Magdolna	18-09	korosi@sunserv.kfki.hu
  Szalay Katalin	18-09	szalay@sunserv.kfki.hu

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    IX. Sample softwares and their executables

    *** READ THE MAN PAGES *** READ THE MAN PAGES ***

    Shells 

    	Z			zsh
	Enhanced C		tcsh
	Bash			bash

    Editors 

    	vi			vi
	Joe's Own Editor	joe
	Emacs			emacs
	XView editor		textedit

    Compilers 

    	C			cc
	C++			CC
	Fortran77		f77
	Pascal			pc
	GNU C			gcc
	GNU C++			g++

    Computer Algebra 

    	Mathematica 2.2		math, mathbook
	Reduce 3.5		reduce

    Document preparation system 

    	TeX (ArborTeX 1.9)	tex, latex, amstex
				dvips, xpreview

    Network softwares 

    	TCP-IP			telnet, ftp
	X.25			pad
	E-mail			mailx, pine, mailtool

    Information systems 

    	Gopher			gopher, xgopher
	Network News		nn, trn, xrn

    Local information service 

    	News			newsn, newsnn, news
	GNU softwares		gzip, gunzip, ...
	CERN Library		paw

    Kadlecsik József
    kadlec@sunserv.kfki.hu

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