IBIS Document Library

Program SHIELD

          PROGRAM SHIELD: MONTE CARLO HADRON TRANSPORT CODE.

    N.M.Sobolevsky 
    Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Science, 
    Moscow
        
    The SHIELD code is universal Monte Carlo transport code intended
    for simulation of primary hadron  beam interaction with  complex 
    macroscopic target  of arbitrary geometric configuration in wide 
    energy range. During simulation of hadron cascade in target this 
    code gives the  individual  (exclusive)  characteristics  of all 
    nuclear reactions occured, including  A,  Z, and kinetic  energy  
    of recoil nuclei,  i.e. PKA source.  Therefore  the SHIELD  code 
    may be  used as a first  step for radiation  damage calculations 
    under proton beam.
       
    An initial  version of  the SHIELD code /1,2/  was elaborated in
    1968-70.  The  SHIELD  code  suitale in  the energy  range up to 
    3-5 GeV  in exclusive  description of hadron-nucleus  interacti-
    ons based on  cascade-evaporation model of nuclear reactions was 
    ideologically  similiar and had an  approximately equal power as 
    a well-known HETC code /3/.  A series of  specific  research was 
    carried out using this code, for example /4,5/.
       
    Since 1989, the author has begun a full revision and rewriting of
    the SHIELD code,  taking into account  a current  experience and
    an increased problem field. Today the code allows to make calcu-
    lations for macroscopic targets of an arbitrary geometry and com-
    position (the geometric modulus of the SHIELD code is completely
    compatible with CG modulus of the MORSE code /6/).  The particle 
    energies are ranged up to 100 GeV but this bound can be enlarged
    easily. One can calculate a nucleon, pion, kaon, muon, and anti-
    nucleon transfer.  An extranuclear cascade tree is  memorised in 
    full during a simulation process, which allows to divide a mode-
    ling and registrating parts of the code completely and permits a 
    repeated tree processing, as well as its visualization in a tar-
    get geometry. During a calculation process some sources of gamma-
    rays, electrons/positrons, and neutrinos (as pion and kaon decay 
    products), as well as low energy ("evaporated") neutrons are ge-
    nerated. Subsequent neutron transfer is simulated using 26-group 
    neutron constant system BNAB /7/ by means of the original neutron
    transport code LOENT. The SHIELD code's open architecture presu-
    mes its modification and improvement depending on specific prob-
    lems as its natural utilization way. The code allows both a dir-
    ect  (analogous) and a  weighting simulating  of an  interaction 
    process. To obtain an  exclusive  description  of hadron-nucleus 
    interactions,  the SHIELD code  includes the  well-known hadron-
    nucleus generators: an modified version of the Dubna's intranuc-
    lear-cascade-evaporation model /8/, as well as  a  generator ba-
    sed on the independent quark-gluon  string model /9/  (at higher 
    particle energies); an inclusive generator from the MARS code /10/
    is alternatively included.
    
    Now the SHIELD code runs on VAX 11/780, PC 386DX (shorten version),
    and SPARC. Average CPU time charge is from about one hour  for ty-
    pical tasks up to 10-20 hours and more for high enerdies and large
    targets (on VAX 11/780).  For access  to the SHIELD code  one  can
    connect with author directly: Sobolevsky@inr.msk.su
                             
                             References
      
     1. N.M.Sobolevsky. The code for simulation of nucleon-meson 
        cascades in matter using the Monte Carlo method.
        JINR B1-2-5458, Dubna, 1970.
     2. V.S.Barashenkov, N.M.Sobolevsky, V.D Toneev. Interaction of 
        High Energy Radiation with Matter. 
        Atomn.Energ.32(1972)123.
     3. T.W.Armstrong, K.G.Chandler. HETC - a High Energy Transport 
        Code. Nucl.Sci.Eng.49(1972)110.
     4. V.S.Barashenkov, N.M.Sobolevsky, V.D Toneev. Accumulation 
        of Cosmogenic Isotopes in Iron Meteorites. 
        Geokhimiya, No.11(1972)1325.
     5. M.V.Kazarnovsky, L.N.Latisheva, Yu.V.Petrov, S.V.Serezhnikov,
        N.M.Sobolevsky. Pion and Nucleon Yield Calculation for the
        Berillium Target Irradiated with Deuterons.
        Muon Catalyzed Fusion 3(1988)551.
     6. M.B.Emmett. The MORSE Monte Carlo Radiation Transport Code 
        System. ORNL-4972, Oak-Ridge, 1975.
     7. L.P.Abagyan, N.O.Bazazyants, M.N.Nikolaev, A.M.Tsibulya.  
        Neutron Group Constants for Reactors and Shielding Calcula-
        tions. Atomizdat, Moscow, 1981.
     8. V.S.Barashenkov, V.D.Toneev. Interaction of Particles and 
        Atomic Nuclei of High and Superhigh Energies with Nuclei
        Atomizdat, Moscow, 1972.
     9. V.D.Toneev, N.S.Amelin, K.K.Gudima. The Independent Quark-
        Gluon String Model for Heavy Ion Collisions at Ultrarelati-
        vistic Energies. Preprint GSI-89-52, Darmstadt, 1989; 
        Yadern.Fizika, 51(1990)1730.
    10. N.V.Mokhov. The MARS10 Code System: Inclusive Simulation of 
        Hadronic and Electromagnetic Cascades and Muon Transport. 
        Report FN-509, Fermilab, 1989.