STEEN, Jan
(b. 1626, Leiden, d. 1679, Leiden)

In Luxury, Beware (detail)

1663
Oil on canvas
Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna

It is true that the depiction contains scores of references to the "dissolute household", a motif that Steen embroidered on countless paintings, yet quite correctly the picture once was called a proverb painting. In this detail, the seemingly pious couple must have a meaning of its own given the duck on the man's shoulder. He can be identified as a "quacker", or a Quaker, a zealous Mennonite. The woman may be a begijn, a Catholic woman who had taken a vow of chastity, but was not part of a monastic order: begijnen or sanctimonious hypocrites were also considered zealots. While the role of these two figures is clear, they have yet to be linked to a fitting aphorism.